CROss-National Online Survey (CRONOS-3) data collected via online and paper self-completion questionnaires in March and April 2025 is now available.
The Wave 4 questionnaire of the panel survey featured 90 questions on the five key areas of the NextGenerationEU recovery plan: Digital, Equal, Green, Healthy and Strong.
As with previous waves, the questionnaire was fielded in 11 countries: Austria, Belgium, Czechia, Finland, France, Hungary, Iceland, Poland, Portugal, Slovenia, and the United Kingdom.
It means that data from four of the five waves being implemented as part of the Infra4NextGen project has now been published on the European Social Survey (ESS) Data Portal.
Make it Healthy
Questions on the Make it Healthy theme included in Wave 4 focused on attitudes towards government policies to counteract the negative effects of alcohol, smoking and high-calorie snacks.
This included increasing the price, banning advertising, and introducing graphic warning labels to alcohol, tobacco and unhealthy food products.
This section also included questions about the lifestyle of respondents, specifically on the consumption of alcohol, tobacco products, and fruit and vegetables.
Make it Strong
The Wave 4 dataset contains measures on the importance of a range of activities in the lives of panellists including work, family, leisure time, politics and religion.
Other indicators assessed the importance of a range of factors for a successful marriage or partnership, such as remaining faithful, having an adequate income, living in good accommodation, and sharing household chores.
Additionally, respondents were asked about community-based organisations, private ownership of businesses, and democracy.
Make it Equal
The distribution of wealth was a key theme of Wave 4 questions related to equality.
Questions focused on the fairness of wealth differences, wealth accumulation, and the role of the government in providing affordable housing.
Respondents provided information on their own financial security in retirement and whether they received and/or would leave substantial financial inheritances.
Opinions were also sought on several different taxes, including charges on inheritance, wealth, capital gains and property.
Make it Green
Make it Green questions focused on whether responsibility for reducing the effects of climate change should sit with different generations, governments and businesses.
As well as indicators on personal responsibility and actions, respondents gave their opinion on specific policies, such as increasing taxes on polluting vehicles, and providing subsidies for energy efficient transport.
Similar policies were also proposed for the provision of low carbon energy systems and home insulation, as well as banning the sale of household appliances that are not energy efficient.
Make it Digital
Digital technology questions concentrated on the responsibility for protecting personal data, trust in institutions to protect data and the rights of government to monitor their citizens.
Respondents were also asked about their willingness to share their personal data with various institutions under different hypothetical scenarios in a vignette experiment.
The final section related to advancements in digital technology and artificial intelligence (AI). This included questions on personal adaptation, regulation, whether employers should be able to use AI and questions on social trust.
The ESS Data Portal has also been adapted so that data for all available waves can be accessed for each of the five themes: Digital, Equal, Green, Healthy and Strong.
Data is also accessible via the Variable Viewer tool which allows users to view automatically weighted data for each of the survey items fielded.
The analysis tab on the Data Portal also allows users to view data for each question alongside other variables, including a comparison between older and younger respondents.
Access CRONOS-3 data via the ESS Data Portal
